“橄榄球世界”DY号自今年2月创办以来，得到了众多英式橄榄球球友的帮助，目前粉丝数1.4万，被点赞（5.8万）和浏览量（420万）最多的是一条司克兰视频。
司克兰（scrum）是英式橄榄球特有形式，也是最具风险，最复杂的技术环节。由两队各8名前锋组成集团，与对方角力，是团队精神与力量集中体现。
此视频从外网取得，内容较为专业，加上简单的录制条件及演示者的南非口音，以及译者本人后锋出身，编译难度相当高。即便咨询了各路球友（在此致谢），也无法保证100%准确。
2000-2005年左右，解放军和中农大两支15人制队与外敌交手中，司克兰环节极少吃亏，这保证了中国队整体成绩的上行态势。在随后的15年里，国际主流司克兰技术经历了较大变化。与此同时，我们15人制橄榄球经历着失去的十年。
现在的我们，老司克兰技术几乎失传，新司克兰技术又没人跟上。马上就会面临，连一个合格的现役国际正赛级别柱子都找不到的尴尬局面。我们对司克兰的理解存在代差，已经不理解现代司克兰了。所以译者才要费劲做这个很小众的东西，将来万一有人需要，还能找到能看懂的资料。
Tank Lanning Welcome to all out rugby TV.
前南非西部省队支柱前锋。欢迎来到all out橄榄球节目。
So with referees these days, they’re under a lot of pressure to not go with millions of scrum resets, they’re quick to go to the penalty.
为防止反复的司克兰重组，裁判承受着很大的压力，所以他们会很快给出罚踢。
These days I think there are probably 4 main penalties: one is for the tight-head standing up, the other one is for the loose-head scrumming in and scrumming up, the other one is leg on the ground, then other one is losing your bind.
我认为可能有4种主要的惩罚:1是紧头支柱（3号）站立，2是松头支柱（1号）进入后挑人，3是腿贴地，4是失去绑扎。
To my mind they are game influencing and the referee is often guessing, so we need to get these out of the game. It’s actually akin to a fly-half being penalized for dropping the ball or a center for missing the tackle.
在我看来，这些判罚影响了比赛结果，裁判也经常靠猜测来判定，所以应当防止这些问题。这实际上类似于因为10号没有射中落踢，正锋错失扑搂而被罚（意指这都是正常的）。
We have the Stormers prop Oli Kebbel with me, we’re going to have a look at the dark arts of scrummaging.
我们请到了风暴人的柱子奥利，我们来看看司克兰顶架中的黑暗艺术。
So look at what the props are trying to achieve upon engagement. There’s a loose head, his aim is to get under the tight head aim for his chest, and actually try and get him out the scrum, that actually one of his primary objectives.
看看柱子们想在顶架时达到什么效果。1号（黑色）的目标是切入3号的下方，顶到他的胸，最终把他挑出司克兰。
So what’s a tight-head trying to do? So, I’ve got my ear flat on my shoulder. My aim is either to the loose-head’s shoulder out, or to pull him inwards like that. So you have two props with different objectives upon the engagement.
3号会让自己的耳朵与肩持平，我的目标是让1号的肩对不准，吃不住劲，或者把他拉歪。所以双方的目标是不同的。
Look how hard it is to get a bind these days. Ollie’s wearing these new fangled jerseys, I’ve got an old one which is easy to get a bind on, but I am struggling. I lose my bind and get penalized. How can that be fair?
123看看现在的比赛里想顶架有多难，奥利穿了新款服装，我的老款服装更容易被抓住，我很难抓住他，我没绑扎好，被罚了，这公平吗？
This is an example of what a tight-head would do under pressure and that is get as low as possible. The Lions do this very very well, but the lower you go the more likely you are to go up or down. Right so there is an example, you go quite low and the loose-head puts his arm on the ground or the tight-head puts his leg on the ground.
现在的3号感受到对方压力，所以他会尽量低。狮队就是这样做的，但是压得越低，起伏可能越大。像现在这样，1号的手撑地了，3号的腿着地了。
There’s another look at that, so we engage, go low, and there’s Ollie, misses the bind a little bit and puts his arm on the ground, a penelisable offence. As tight-head generally it won’t be losing the bind but you might just drop your right leg onto the ground, penalisable offence. Seriously, are we looking to penalize guys just for slipping a little bit?
再看一次，1号有一点没顶架好，撑地了，被罚。在内侧的3号可能不用担心顶架不住，但是右腿也会有着地的风险，继续被罚。讲真，就因为滑了一点被罚合适吗？
So that’s an example of a tight head trying to drop the scrum. So generally you’ll see the tight-head’s hip go down. It won’t come from his shoulder. He’s under pressure or his bum is in the air like mine is right now. What you’ll do is drop from the hip down. It’s very very difficult for a referee to see. So that’s an example of a tight head forcefully trying to drop the scrum.
这是3号试图从司克兰中下坠的例子。一般他的臀部会向下，而不是肩部向下。像我，臀部现在略高，在压力之下，从臀部开始向下坠，最后跪地。这很难被裁判捕捉（因为我后面还有锁球锋顶着）
Okay so here’s an example of, Boom, me opting out of the scrum. So as a tight-head I think oh my word Ollie’s got me here, I’m in trouble. So what I’ll do is opt out of the scrum and stand up just like that. Again, a penalisable offence.
这是个3号选择退出司克兰的例子。我感觉对方吃住我了，我很麻烦，我最后选择起身，被罚。
So this is now Ollie forcefully trying to get me out of the scrum. So the two look very very similar. Ollie goes in hard as a loose-head, he gets his head underneath my chest, his aim is to get me up, boom, he scrums up and in so I get popped out. It’s very difficult to tell the difference between me standing up and him popping me out.
现在是1号使劲把我顶出司克兰。1号的头顶到了我的胸，他想把我挑起来，现在他成功了，我被挑出去了。与前面那个场景很像，很难分辨。（规则不允许挑人，所以应该是1号犯规）
This is an example of a loose-head opting out of the scrum. So what he does is he eases down the left hand side and opts out of the scrum, again another penelisable offence.
这个是1号退出司克兰的例子。顶住，然后他向外侧左手方滑出去，被罚。
So guys I hope that gave you some insight into the mechanics and sheer physics of the scrum. Those are two masses coming together, and you know if props can’t really tell who’s going down then how do we expect refs to make such a tough call. So what I think we are doing with the scrum is just giving players the opportunity to milk the penalty. And if we weren’t awarding so many penalties I think front row forwards would tow the party line a bit better. If things are really going Pete Tong, let’s not always go to the penalty, there’s a sure time to go to. The referees mustn’s be scared to go that route.
希望刚才这些分析让你更加了解司克兰的机理。这是两帮壮汉顶在一起，如果有时候连柱子自己都无法分辨是谁的问题，裁判员更加难以分辨。但是现在的情况是，规则给了运动员榨取罚踢的空间。如果没这么容易被罚，也许柱子就会更规矩一点（因为得不到好处）。如果一直出问题，就不要总是去判罚踢，裁判不能怕司克兰不断重组。
图片与视频来自网络
