2017年6月5日，国际学术权威刊物《自然出版集团旗下杂志《Nature Genetics》在线发表了浙江大学农学院张天津教授主导的科学论文。基因组分析结果证实棉花品种改良特性、纤维品质和产量相关性(genomic analyses in cotton identify signatures of selec ion and loci associated with fiber quality and yield trails)
研究通过对318份棉花品种(系)的全基因组重测序，揭示了从“美棉”品种改良为全球最大纤维作物品种改良的遗传基础和演化规律，鉴定出25个品种改良相关位点和119个产量、纤维品质、黄萎病抗性等关联位点。尤其是鉴定出能同时提高2-3个产量性状或纤维品质性状的关联基因，为棉花“精准育种”提供了优异的基因资源和理论指导，具有非常重要的应用价值。
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原文摘要：
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important natural fiber crop in the world. The overall genetic diversity among cultivated species of cotton and the genetic changes that occurred during their improvement are poorly understood. Here we report a comprehensive genomic assessment of modern improved upland cotton based on the genome-wide resequencing of 318 landraces and modern improved cultivars or lines. We detected more associated loci for lint yield than for fiber quality, which suggests that lint yield has stronger selection signatures than other traits. We found that two ethylene-pathway-related genes were associated with increased lint yield in improved cultivars. We evaluated the population frequency of each elite allele in historically released cultivar groups and found that 54.8% of the elite genome-wide association study (GWAS) alleles detected were transferred from three founder landraces: Deltapine 15, Stoneville 2B and Uganda Mian. Our results provide a genomic basis for improving cotton cultivars and for further evolutionary analysis of polyploid crops.
